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Bare classifiers and definiteness A cross-linguistic investigation (Simpson et al., 2011)

Citation

Simpson, A., Soh, H. L., & Nomoto, H. (2011). Bare classifiers and definiteness: A cross-linguistic investigation. Studies in Language. International Journal sponsored by the Foundation “Foundations of Language”, 35(1), 168-193.

My thoughts

Bare classifier 在普通话中是常见的吗?

主要发现

bare classifier:

研究目标:

研究方法:

作者设计了一个平行语料调查,收集了粤语、越南语、苗语和孟加拉语中的bare classifier 和bare noun使用数据。 数据覆盖了五种“特指”语境,包括: (A) 会话中提到过的名词(anaphoric definiteness)。 (B) 可见且唯一可识别的名词(visible, uniquely identifiable)。 (C) 通过关联获得特指意义的名词(definiteness by association/inference)。 (D) 不可见但语境唯一的名词(invisible, contextually unique)。 (E) 文化上独特的名词(culturally unique, familiar entities)。

研究发现

  1. bare classifier 结构的普遍性
    • 在粤语、越南语、苗语和孟加拉语中,bare classifier 结构都可以用来表达“特指”。
    • 这些语言在五种“特指”语境中对bare classifier 的接受度都很高,说明bare classifier 表达特指是一个跨语言的共同现象。
  2. bare classifier 与bare noun 的分布

粤语:

越南语:

苗语(Hmong):

孟加拉语:

对比性(Contrast):

句中突出性(Prominence):

歧义消解(Disambiguation):

语境独特性(Contextual uniqueness):

Bare classifier

Mandarin and Cantonese

5 Subtypes of situations licensing the use of definite determiners in English

  1. Discourse-anaphoric: A definite determiner is used in reference to an antecedent that is previously introduced by means of some overt linguistic item
    • John has a dog and a cat. The dog is very old
  2. Visible and uniquely identifiable for both speaker and hearer
    • Pass me the hammer
  3. association/inference, definite identity of a referent results from its association with some other entity mentioned in the discourse
    • We went to a wedding yesterday. The bride was very beautiful
  4. Contextually unique, but not visible
    • Where’s the key?
  5. Culturally unique
    • The president has died

Method

Research Questions

Results bare noun patterns