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https://linguistics.berkeley.edu/acip/course/chapter1/chapter1.exercises.htm

14 = root 9 = tip 13 = back 7 = epiglottis 10 = blade 2 = teeth 11 = front 8 = lip 12 = center 6 = uvula 1 = lip 3 = alveolar ridge 4 = hard palate 5 = soft palate

Homework Exercise B https://linguistics.berkeley.edu/acip/course/chapter1/hw/exercise1B.html

Describe the consonants in the word skinflint using these terms: Question: [k] place of articulation = velar Question: [n] nasality = nasal Question: [s] voicing = voiceless Question: [t] voicing = voiceless Question: [n] place of articulation = alveolar

Homework Exercise C https://linguistics.berkeley.edu/acip/course/chapter1/hw/exercise1C.html

Question: (b) manner of articulation = fricative Question: (a) place of articulation = alveolar Question: (g) place of articulation = velar Question: (b) place of articulation = bilabial 错误 = labiodental Question: (g) manner of articulation = stop Question: (c) manner of articulation = fricative Question: (f) manner of articulation = nasal 错误 = approximant Question: (d) manner of articulation = fricative 错误 = stop Question: (d) place of articulation = bilabial Question: (e) manner of articulation = stop 错误 = fricative Question: (c) place of articulation = dental Question: (f) place of articulation = palatal

Homework Exercise E https://linguistics.berkeley.edu/acip/course/chapter1/hw/exercise1E.html

Define the consonant sounds in the middle of each of these words.

etching: place of articulation = post-alveolar selling: place of articulation = alveolar lodger: manner of articulation = approximant 错误 = affricate adder: place of articulation = alveolar hopper: voicing = voiceless pleasure: voicing = voiced lodger: voicing = voiced

Homework Exercise G https://linguistics.berkeley.edu/acip/course/chapter1/hw/exercise1G.html

Is the stop at (e) voiceless or voiced? = voiceless Is (f) a [w] or a vowel? = vowel Is (c) a vowel or a nasal? = nasal Is (g) a fricative or a lateral? = fricative Is (b) a vowel or a nasal? = vowel Is (a) a burst or a fricative? = burst

Identifying Consonant Gestures

IPA Charts with MRI : https://sail.usc.edu/span/rtmri_ipa/index.html

differences between consonants and vowels

• Consonants involve some constriction of airflow
• vowels do not
• voicing = what the vocal folds are doing
• place of articulation = where the constriction of airflow takes place
  • bilabial [p] [b] [m] = both lips come together
  • labiodental [f] [v] = upper teeth and lower lip
  • interdental [θ] = tongue in between upper and lower teeth
  • alveolar [t] [d] [s] = upper front teeth and tongue
  • palatal [ʃ] [j] = hard palate or roof of the mouth
  • velar [k] = at velum or soft palate
  • glottal [h] = at glottis or the space between the vocal folds
• manner of articulation

https://sites.google.com/view/identifying-consonant-gestures?usp=sharing

p = bilabial voiceless plosive t = alveolar voiceless plosive k = velar voiceless plosive b = bilabial voiced plosive m = bilabial voiced nasal n = alveolar voiced nasal ŋ = velar voiced nasal f = labiodental voiceless fricative θ = dental voiceless fricative s = alveolar voiceless fricative ʃ = postalveolar voiceless fricative w = labial–velar Voiced approximant l = post-avelaor voiced lateral approximant r = alveolar retrofix j = palatal voiced approximant h = glottal voiceless fricative

1 = b = bilabial voiced (vocal fold narrow, lips come together, velar?velum not lower) 2 = k (voiceless velar) 3 = ŋ (voiced velar, nasal?) 4 = t (alveolar, voiceless, not nasal, not sure if it’s s or ʃ or t) = wrong = ʃ 5 = f (voiceless, labio?) 6 = l (voiced, similar to retroflex? aveloar) 7 = p (bilabiol, voiceless) 8 = ʃ (voiceless, aveolar, not sure if it’s s or ʃ or t) = wrong = t 9 = h (voiceless, nothing moved, similar to h mri) 10 = m (bilabial, nasal) 11 = r (retroflex) 12 = θ (labialdental? voiceless) 13 = j (palatal, voiced) 14 = n (nasal, alveolar) 15 = s (alveolar, voiceless, compared to 8, very similar? not sure if it’s s or ʃ or t) 16 = w (labial–velar, voiced)

ask about 4, 15 and 8, all seems very similar to me

• alveolar stop is hitting the edger of the root, alveolar rige is back
• fricatives = tongue is making a major part of the palatal so it’s narrower
• θ is dental, is right behind the lower teeth
• s, tip of the tongue is hitting the tongue